Sezvatinoziva tese, iyo Internet inoreva network yepasirese yeruzhinji, iyo inoumbwa nema network akawanda akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe.Parizvino, chizvarwa chekutanga cheWeb1.0 chinoreva mazuva ekutanga eInternet, ayo akatangira kubva muna 1994 kusvika muna 2004 uye aisanganisira kubuda kwemahofori emagariro evanhu akadai se Twitter ne Facebook.Iyo inonyanya kuenderana neHTTP tekinoroji, iyo inogovera mamwe magwaro pamakomputa akasiyana pachena uye inoita kuti iwanikwe kuburikidza neInternet.Web1.0 inoverengwa-chete, kune vashoma vanogadzira zvemukati, uye ruzhinji rwevashandisi vanongoita sevatengi vemukati.Uye yakamira, kushaikwa kwekudyidzana, kukurumidza kwekuwana kunonoka, uye kubatana pakati pevashandisi kwakaganhurirwa;Chizvarwa chechipiri cheInternet, Web2.0, ndiyo Indaneti yakashandiswa kubva muna 2004 kusvika nhasi.IInternet ichave neshanduko yakapoteredza 2004, nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kweInternet kumhanya, fiber optic zvivakwa uye injini dzekutsvaga, saka kudiwa kwevashandisi kwesocial network, mimhanzi, kugovana mavhidhiyo uye kutengeserana kwekubhadhara kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa, zvakaunza kuputika kweWeb2. .0.Web2.0 zvirimo hazvichagadzirwa nemawebhusaiti ehunyanzvi kana mapoka chaiwo evanhu, asi nevashandisi vese veInternet vane kodzero dzakaenzana dzekutora chikamu pamwe nekugadzira pamwe chete.Chero ani zvake anogona kutaura zvaanofunga kana kugadzira zvekutanga zvemukati paInternet.Nokudaro, Indaneti munguva ino inonyanya kutarisana neruzivo rwevashandisi uye kupindirana;Chizvarwa chechitatu cheInternet, Web3.0, chinoreva chizvarwa chinotevera cheInternet, chichave chakavakirwa pahuchenjeri hwekugadzira uye blockchain teknolojia yekusimudzira nzira itsva yeInternet.
Web3.0 yakavakirwa pa blockchain tekinoroji, uye chimwe chehukuru hwayo maficha ndeye decentralization.Blockchain tekinoroji yakabereka chinhu chitsva chinonzi smart contract, haigone kungorekodha ruzivo, asi zvakare kumhanya maapplication, iyo yekutanga inoda kuve nepakati server yekumhanyisa application, mu blockchain tekinoroji, haidi server centre, ivo inogona kumhanya, inonzi decentralized application.Saka ikozvino inozivikanwawo se "Smart Internet", sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 1 uye 2. Chii chinonzi Industrial Internet?Muchidimbu, inoreva kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri kwakavakirwa paInternet tekinoroji, kubatanidza madhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana, zvishandiso, zvinhu, nezvimwewo, mukati mebhizinesi kuburikidza netiweki tekinoroji kuti uwane ruzivo rwekugovana, kudyidzana uye kubatana, kuitira kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka, kuderedza mitengo, uye optimize bhizinesi maitiro.Naizvozvo, nekuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chekutanga, chizvarwa chechipiri uye chechitatu chizvarwa cheInternet, kune zvakare kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri nguva yeInternet.Chii chinonzi Internet platform?Inoreva tekinoroji papuratifomu yakavakirwa pahwaro hweInternet, iyo inogona kupa akasiyana masevhisi nemabasa, senge injini dzekutsvaga, social media, e-commerce mapuratifomu, dzidzo yepamhepo, masevhisi ekugadzira, zvichingodaro.Naizvozvo, nenguva dzakasiyana dzekuvandudzwa kweInternet, kune maindasitiri eInternet web2.0 uye web3.0 mapuratifomu.Parizvino, iyo indasitiri yeInternet service platform inoshandiswa neindasitiri yekugadzira inonyanya kunongedzera kuwebhu2.0 papuratifomu, kushandiswa kwepuratifomu iyi kune zvakwakanakira, asi kunewo zvakawanda zvinokanganisa, uye iye zvino nyika dziri kusimukira kune web3.0 papuratifomu. hwaro hwewebhu2.0 chikuva.
Kuvandudzwa kweInternet maindasitiri uye chikuva chayo munguva yewebhu2.0 muChina
China maindasitiri Internet iri mumambure, papuratifomu, chengetedzo matatu masisitimu kuti vabudirire yakakura-mwero kukura, pakupera 2022, nyika maindasitiri mabhizimisi kiyi muitiro nhamba kudzora mwero uye digitaalinen R & D mudziyo kupinda mwero yakasvika 58.6%, 77.0%, yakanyatso kuumba yakazara, hunhu, nyanzvi yakawanda-nhanho maindasitiri Internet papuratifomu system.Parizvino, 35 akakosha maindasitiri eInternet mapuratifomu muChina akabatanidza zvinopfuura 85 miriyoni seti yezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri uye akashandira mabhizinesi 9.36 miriyoni pamwe chete, achifukidza makumi mana neshanu zvikamu zvehupfumi hwenyika.Mamodheru matsva uye mafomu ebhizinesi akadai sedhizaini yepuratifomu, manejimendi edhijitari, kugadzira zvine hungwaru, kubatana kwetiweki, kurongeka kwemunhu, uye kuwedzera kwesevhisi kuri kusimukira.Shanduko yedhijitari yeindasitiri yeChina yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Parizvino, kushandiswa kweindasitiri yeInternet yekubatanidza kwakawedzera kusvika kumaindasitiri akakosha ehupfumi hwenyika, kuumba zvinhu zvitanhatu zvekugadzirwa kwepuratifomu, kugadzirwa kwehungwaru, kubatana kwetiweki, kugadziridzwa kwemunhu, kuwedzera kwesevhisi, uye manejimendi edhijitari, izvo zvakasimudzira kunaka, kushanda nesimba. , kuderedzwa kwemari, girini uye kuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka kwehupfumi chaihwo.Tafura 1 inoratidza panorama yekuvandudzwa kweInternet maindasitiri kune akati wandei maindasitiri nemabhizinesi, anosanganisira machira uye mabhizinesi ekugadzira zvipfeko.
Tafura 1 Panorama yekuvandudzwa kweInternet mune mamwe mabhizinesi ekugadzira
Indasitiri Internet chikuva ishumo yebasa yakavakirwa pakuunganidzwa kwedata rakakura, kuunganidzwa uye kuongororwa kweiyo digitalization, networking uye hungwaru zvinodiwa zveindasitiri yekugadzira, iyo inotsigira iyo ubiquitous yekubatanidza, inochinjika kugovera uye kugovera kwakanaka kwezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira.Kubva pakuona kwehupfumi, izvi zvakagadzira nzvimbo yakakosha yeInternet maindasitiri.Zvinonzi iyo maindasitiri Internet chikuva yakakosha zvikuru nekuti ine mabasa matatu ari pachena: (1) Pahwaro hwechinyakare maindasitiri mapuratifomu, iyo indasitiri yeInternet chikuva yakavandudza kugadzirwa, kuparadzira uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira ruzivo, yakagadzira nhamba huru. yemaapplication ekushandisa, uye yakagadzira nzira mbiri dzekudyidzana ecosystem nevashandisi vekugadzira.Indasitiri Internet chikuva ndiyo "operating system" yeiyo itsva maindasitiri system.Iyo indasitiri yeInternet chikuva inotsamira pane inoshanda michina yekubatanidza mamodule, ine simba data yekugadzirisa injini, yakavhurika yekuvandudza nharaunda maturusi, uye chikamu-chakavakirwa maindasitiri ruzivo masevhisi.
Iyo inobatanidza zvishandiso zvemaindasitiri, zviridzwa uye zvigadzirwa zvichidzika, inotsigira kukurumidza kusimudzira uye kutumira kwemaindasitiri akangwara kunyorera kumusoro, uye inovaka itsva maindasitiri sisitimu yakavakirwa pane software inochinjika zvakanyanya uye nehungwaru.(3) Indasitiri Internet papuratifomu inotakura inotakura yezvishandiso agglomeration uye kugovana.Iyo indasitiri yeInternet chikuva inounza pamwe kuyerera kweruzivo, kuyerera kwemari, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira tarenda, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira uye kugona kwekugadzira mugore, uye inounganidza maindasitiri emaindasitiri, ruzivo nemabhizinesi ekutaurirana, mabhizinesi eInternet, vechitatu-bato vanogadzira uye zvimwe masangano ari mugore, achigadzira socialized collaborative production mode uye sangano modhi.
Musi waNovember 30, 2021, Bazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakapa "Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu cheKubatanidza Kwakadzika kweInformatization uye Industrialization" (inozonzi "Chirongwa"), iyo yakasimudzira zvakajeka indasitiri yeInternet. purojekiti yekusimudzira sepurojekiti yakakosha yekubatanidzwa kwevaviri.Kubva pamaonero ehurongwa hwemuviri, iyo indasitiri yeInternet chikuva inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: network, chikuva uye chengetedzo, uye kushandiswa kwayo muindasitiri yekugadzira kunonyanya kuratidzwa mumasevhisi ekugadzira akadai sedhijitari yehungwaru kugadzirwa, network kubatana, uye. personalized customization.
Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri eInternet papuratifomu masevhisi muindasitiri yekugadzira kunogona kuwana mabhenefiti akakwirira kupfuura general software uye general maindasitiri gore, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2. Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri eInternet papuratifomu masevhisi muindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina inogona kuwana quantifiable high returns, inogona kuratidzwa. nekamwe wedzera imwe minus, yakadai seyekuwedzera: kugadzirwa kwevashandi kunowedzera ne40-60% uye midziyo yakakwana inoshanda inowedzera ne10-25% zvichingodaro;Kuderedzwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba ne5-25% uye nguva yekuendesa ne30-50%, nezvimwewo, ona Mufananidzo 3.
Nhasi, mhando dzemasevhisi makuru muindasitiri yeInternet web2.0 nguva muChina ndeiyi :(1) dhizaini yekumisikidza sevhisi modhi yeanotungamira mabhizinesi ekugadzira, akadai se "ruzivo rwekugadzira, software, hardware" triad yeMEicoqing Industrial Internet Service Platform, Haier's Industrial Internet sevhisi chikuva chakavakirwa pahwaro hweyakasarudzika yakasarudzika maitiro ekugadzira.Iyo Cloud network yeAerospace Group iindasitiri yeInternet sevhisi docking chikuva chakavakirwa pakubatanidza uye kurongeka kwekumusoro uye kudzika zviwanikwa zveindasitiri.(2) Mamwe makambani eInternet maindasitiri anopa vatengi masoftware ekushandisa sevhisi mhando muchimiro cheSAAS gore chikuva, uye zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kutarisana nekusimudzira application muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichitarisana nekugadzirisa marwadzo mukugadzira kana kushanda kweiyo yakakura. nhamba yemakambani ekugadzira madiki uye epakati;(3) Gadzira yakajairika PAAS papuratifomu sevhisi modhi, kuburikidza neicho zvese zvishandiso, mitsara yekugadzira, vashandi, mafekitori, matura, vatengesi, zvigadzirwa uye vatengi vane hukama nebhizinesi vanogona kubatana zvakanyanya, uyezve kugovera zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa hwese hweindasitiri. zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, zvichiita kuti ive yedhijitari, inetiweki, otomatiki uye nehungwaru.Pakupedzisira budirira bhizinesi uye kudzikisa mutengo masevhisi.Ehe, tinoziva kuti kunyangwe paine akawanda mamodheru, hazvisi nyore kuwana budiriro, nekuti kune yega yega indasitiri yekugadzira, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu hakuna kufanana, maitiro haana kufanana, maitiro haana kufanana, iyo midziyo haina kufanana, chiteshi hachina kufanana, uye kunyangwe iyo bhizinesi modhi uye cheni yekugovera haina kufanana.Pamberi pezvido zvakadaro, hazvibviri kugadzirisa matambudziko ese kuburikidza nepuratifomu yebasa repasi rose, uye pakupedzisira kudzokera kune yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvingada indasitiri yeInternet chikuva muchikamu chega chega.
Muna Chivabvu 2023, "Industrial Internet Platform Selection Requirements" (GB/T42562-2023) chiyero chenyika chinotungamirwa neChina Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization chakabvumidzwa zviri pamutemo uye chakaburitswa, chiyero chekutanga chinonongedza misimboti yekusarudza uye sarudzo yeInternet maindasitiri. chikuva, ona Mufananidzo 4;Chechipiri, inotsanangura zvipfumbamwe zvakakosha zvehunyanzvi izvo iyo indasitiri yeInternet papuratifomu inofanirwa kusangana, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 5. Chechipiri, 18 bhizinesi rekutsigira hunyanzvi hunoenderana nepuratifomu yekugonesa bhizinesi rinotsanangurwa, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 6. Kuburitswa kwechiyero ichi kunogona kuenderana. kumapato akasiyana akakodzera epuratifomu, inogona kupa kugona kuvaka chikuva cheindasitiri Internet papuratifomu mabhizinesi, inogona kupa chirevo chedivi rekuda kweindasitiri yekugadzira kusarudza chikuva, kubatsira mabhizinesi kuongorora mwero weindasitiri. Internet papuratifomu simba, uye sarudza yakakodzera maindasitiri Internet chikuva ivo pachavo.
Kana iyo indasitiri yekugadzira zvipfeko ikasarudza chikuva chekushandira hungwaru kugadzirwa kwemabhizinesi, inowanzoitwa maererano nemaitiro ari muMufananidzo 4. Parizvino, yakanakisa dhizaini yekushandisa zvine hungwaru kugadzirwa kwembatya kunofanirwa kuratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. yakanaka yezvivakwa layer, platform layer, application layer uye edge computing layer.
Iyo iri pamusoro pepuratifomu yekuvaka inovakwa pahwaro hweindasitiri yeInternet web2.0 papuratifomu, takataura kare, makambani ekugadzira zvipfeko pamusoro pechiyero kuti vavake yavo web2.0 papuratifomu yakanaka, madiki uye epakati nepakati mabhizinesi ekugadzira. kurenda kwepuratifomu masevhisi akanaka, kutaura zvazviri, chirevo ichi hachina chokwadi zvachose, Nekuti kusarudza kuvaka yako web2.0 chikuva kana kurojesa papuratifomu masevhisi kunofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo uye zvinodiwa zvebhizinesi, pane kungobva pane saizi yebhizinesi.Chechipiri, mabhizinesi ekugadzira haashandise iyo indasitiri yeInternet papuratifomu web2.0, uye anogona achiri kukwanisa kugadzira zvine hungwaru nedzimwe nzira, sekushandisa ega-akazvivakira data kutapurirana uye kuongorora masisitimu, kana kushandisa mamwe echitatu-bato mapuratifomu.Nekudaro, mukuenzanisa, iyo maindasitiri Internet papuratifomu web2.0 ine yakakwirira scalability uye kuchinjika, uye inogona kuzadzisa zvirinani zvinodiwa nemabhizinesi ekugadzira.
Kugadzira zvipfeko zvine hungwaru kuchaitwa pane yakangwara Internet web3.0 chikuva.
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro, tinogona kuona kuti kunyangwe iyo Web2.0 chikuva chakavakirwa paInternet yeindasitiri ine maitiro mazhinji: (1) kubatanidzwa kwevashandisi kwakanyanya - iyo Web2.0 chikuva inobvumira vashandisi kutora chikamu nekudyidzana, kuitira kuti vashandisi vagovane zvavo zvemukati. uye ruzivo, kudyidzana nevamwe vashandisi, uye kuumba nharaunda yakakura;(2) Zviri nyore kugovera uye kuparadzira -Web2.0 chikuva chinobvumira vashandisi kugovana nyore uye kuparadzira ruzivo, nokudaro kuwedzera chiyero chekuparadzira ruzivo;(3) Kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka -Web2.0 chikuva chinogona kubatsira mabhizinesi kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, senge kuburikidza nematurusi ekubatana pamhepo, misangano yepamhepo uye dzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza kushanda kwekubatana kwemukati;(4) Deredza mari -Web2.0 chikuva chinogona kubatsira mabhizinesi kuderedza kushambadzira, kukwidziridzwa uye mutengo webasa revatengi, asi zvakare kuderedza mutengo wehunyanzvi uye zvichingodaro.Zvisinei, webhupu yewebhu2.0 inewo kukanganisa kwakawanda: (1) nyaya dzekuchengetedza - kune njodzi dzekuchengetedza muWeb2.0 platform, zvakadai sekuzivisa zvakavanzika, kurwiswa kwetiweki uye mamwe matambudziko, izvo zvinoda kuti mabhizinesi asimbise matanho ekuchengetedza;(2) Nyaya dzemhando yepamusoro - mhando yemukati yeWeb2.0 papuratifomu haina kuenzana, inoda kuti mabhizinesi atarise uye aongorore izvo zvinogadzirwa nemushandisi;(3) Makwikwi anotyisa - iyo Web2.0 chikuva inokwikwidza zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoda kuti mabhizinesi apedze nguva yakawanda nesimba kusimudzira nekuchengetedza chikuva;(4) Network kugadzikana -- iyo Web2.0 chikuva chinoda kuona kugadzikana kwetiweki kudzivirira kutadza kwenetiweki kukanganisa kushanda kwakajairika kwepuratifomu;(5) Web2.0 papuratifomu masevhisi ane imwe monopoly, uye mutengo wekuroja wakakwira, unokanganisa kushandiswa kwevashandisi vebhizinesi nezvimwe zvakadaro.Imhaka yematambudziko aya iyo web3 chikuva chakazvarwa.Web3.0 ndiyo chizvarwa chinotevera chekuvandudzwa kweInternet, dzimwe nguva inonzi "Internet yakaparadzirwa" kana "smart Internet".Parizvino, Web3.0 ichiri mudanho rekutanga rebudiriro, asi ichavimba ne blockchain, hungwaru hwekugadzira, Internet yeZvinhu uye humwe matekinoroji kuti uwane hungwaru uye dhizaini maapplication eInternet, kuitira kuti data ive yakachengeteka zvakanyanya, kuvanzika kwakanyanya. yakachengetedzwa, uye vashandisi vanopihwa mamwe emunhu uye anoshanda masevhisi.Naizvozvo, kuitwa kwehungwaru kugadzira pawebhu3 papuratifomu kwakasiyana nekuitwa kwehungwaru kugadzira pawebhu2, mutsauko ndewekuti: (1) decentralization - iyo Web3 chikuva chakavakirwa pa blockchain tekinoroji uye inoziva maitiro e decentralization.Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugadzirwa kwakangwara kunoitwa paWeb3 papuratifomu ichave yakasarudzika uye demokrasi, isina yepakati inodzora muviri.Mumwe nemumwe anotora chikamu anogona kuve nekudzora data rake pasina kuvimba nemapuratifomu epakati kana masangano;(2) Kuvanzika kwedata uye kuchengetedzeka - Iyo Web3 chikuva inotarisa pane kuvanzika uye kuchengetedzeka kwe data remushandisi.Tekinoroji yeBlockchain inopa maficha ekuvharidzira uye kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti data yemushandisi ive yakachengeteka.Kana kugadzira kwakangwara kuchiitwa paWeb3 papuratifomu, inogona kuchengetedza zvirinani kuvanzika kwevashandisi uye kudzivirira kushungurudzwa kwedata.Kuvimba uye kubuda pachena - Iyo Web3 chikuva inowana kuvimba kukuru uye kubuda pachena kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai seakangwara makondirakiti.Chibvumirano chakangwara chibvumirano chekuzviita wega chine mitemo nemamiriro akaiswa pa blockchain uye haigone kukanganiswa.Nenzira iyi, kugadzira kwakangwara kunoitwa paWeb3 papuratifomu kunogona kuve kwakajeka, uye vatori vechikamu vanogona kuona nekuongorora mashandiro uye mashandisirwo ehurongwa;(4) Kuchinjana kukosha - iyo Web3 papuratifomu chiratidzo chehupfumi chemuenzaniso wakavakirwa pa blockchain tekinoroji inoita kuti kukosha kwekuchinjana kuve nyore uye kunoshanda.Kugadzira kwakangwara kunoitwa paWeb3 papuratifomu inobvumira kuchinjanisa kukosha kuburikidza nematokeni, mamwe anochinjika mabhizinesi modhi uye nzira dzekubatana, nezvimwe.Muchidimbu, kugadzirwa kwakangwara kunoitwa pawebhusaiti yeWeb3 kunonyanya kutariswa pakuisa matunhu, kuvanzika kwedata uye chengetedzo, kuvimba uye kubuda pachena, uye kukosha kwekuchinjana pane kuita paWeb2 papuratifomu.Aya maitiro anounza hukuru hukuru uye nzvimbo yekusimudzira yekugadzira kwakangwara.Iyo Web3.0 chikuva chakanyatsoenderana nekugadzirwa kwakangwara kwemabhizinesi ekugadzira zvipfeko zvedu, nekuti essence yeWeb3.0 iInternet ine njere yakavakirwa pahuchenjeri hwekugadzira uye blockchain tekinoroji, iyo ichapa hungwaru, hunoshanda uye hwakachengeteka rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi kune vakangwara. kugadzira zvipfeko, nokudaro kusimudzira kukurumidza kukurumidza kwekugadzira zvipfeko zvakangwara.Kunyanya, kushandiswa kweWeb3.0 tekinoroji mukugadzira zvipfeko zvine hungwaru kunosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu: (1) Kugovana data - Kubva paWeb3.0 tekinoroji, mabhizinesi ekugadzira zvipfeko anogona kuona kugovana data pakati pemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana, mitsara yekugadzira, vashandi, nezvimwe. , kuitira kuti uwane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira nekugadzira maitiro;(2) Blockchain tekinoroji - Kuburikidza ne blockchain tekinoroji, mabhizinesi ekugadzira zvipfeko anogona kuona kugovaniswa kwakachengeteka kwedata, kudzivirira kukanganisa data uye matambudziko ekudonha, uye kugadzirisa kuvimbika uye chengetedzo yedata;(3) Zvibvumirano zveSmart -Web3.0 inogonawo kuona otomatiki uye nehungwaru kugadzirwa uye maitiro ekugadzira kuburikidza nehungwaru tekinoroji, kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa;(4) Yakangwara Internet Yezvinhu -Web3.0 tekinoroji inogona kuona mashandisirwo ehungwaru Internet yeZvinhu, kuitira kuti mabhizinesi ekugadzira akwanise kutarisa uye kudzora akasiyana michina uye data mukuita kwekugadzira munguva chaiyo, nekudaro ichivandudza kugadzirwa kwemhando uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa.Nokudaro, Web3.0 yakanyatsobatana nekugadzirwa kwehungwaru kwemabhizimisi ekugadzira zvipfeko, uye ichapa nzvimbo yakafara uye yakangwara, inobudirira uye yakachengeteka rubatsiro rwekambani yekugadzirwa kwehungwaru hwekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-08-2023