Monga tonse tikudziwa, intaneti imatanthawuza maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe amapangidwa ndi maukonde ambiri olumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake.Pakadali pano, m'badwo woyamba wa Web1.0 umanena za masiku oyambilira a intaneti, omwe adayamba kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2004 ndikuphatikizanso kuwonekera kwa zimphona zapa media monga Twitter ndi Facebook.Zimakhazikitsidwa makamaka paukadaulo wa HTTP, womwe umagawana zolemba zina pamakompyuta osiyanasiyana poyera ndikupangitsa kuti azipezeka pa intaneti.Web1.0 ndi yowerengedwa-yokha, pali ochepa omwe amapanga zinthu, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amangokhala ngati ogula zomwe zili.Ndipo ndizosasunthika, kusowa kwa kuyanjana, kuthamanga kwa mwayi kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kochepa;M'badwo wachiwiri wa intaneti, Web2.0, ndi intaneti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 2004 mpaka pano.Intaneti idzasintha m'chaka cha 2004, chifukwa cha kukula kwa liwiro la intaneti, makina opangira fiber optic ndi injini zosaka, kotero kuti zofuna za ogwiritsa ntchito pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, nyimbo, kugawana mavidiyo ndi kulipira kwawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zadzetsa chitukuko cha Web2. .0.Zomwe zili pa Web2.0 sizimapangidwanso ndi mawebusayiti akadaulo kapena magulu enaake a anthu, koma ndi onse ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti omwe ali ndi ufulu wofanana kutenga nawo mbali ndikupanga nawo limodzi.Aliyense akhoza kufotokoza maganizo ake kapena kupanga zoyambira pa intaneti.Chifukwa chake, intaneti mu nthawi ino imayang'ana kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo komanso kulumikizana;M'badwo wachitatu wa intaneti, Web3.0, umatanthawuza m'badwo wotsatira wa intaneti, udzakhazikitsidwa pa nzeru zopangapanga ndi teknoloji ya blockchain kulimbikitsa mawonekedwe atsopano a intaneti.
Web3.0 imachokera paukadaulo wa blockchain, ndipo chimodzi mwazinthu zake zazikulu ndikugawa.Ukadaulo wa blockchain wabala chinthu chatsopano chotchedwa mgwirizano wanzeru, sichingangolemba zidziwitso zokha, komanso kuyendetsa mapulogalamu, chofunikira choyambirira chokhala ndi seva yapakati kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muukadaulo wa blockchain, safuna pakati pa seva, iwo imatha kuthamanga, yomwe imatchedwa decentralized application.Kotero tsopano imadziwikanso kuti "Smart Internet", monga momwe tawonetsera mu Zithunzi 1 ndi 2. Kodi Internet Internet ndi Chiyani?Mwachidule, amatanthauza ntchito mafakitale zochokera luso Internet, kulumikiza m'madipatimenti zosiyanasiyana, zipangizo, kukumana ndi zina zotero, mkati mwa ogwira ntchito kudzera luso maukonde tikwaniritse kugawana zidziwitso, kucheza ndi mgwirizano, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kupanga, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kukulitsa njira zamabizinesi.Choncho, ndi chitukuko cha m'badwo woyamba, m'badwo wachiwiri ndi m'badwo wachitatu wa intaneti, palinso chitukuko cha nthawi ya mafakitale a intaneti.Kodi nsanja ya intaneti ndi chiyani?Zimatanthawuza nsanja yaukadaulo yomangidwa pa intaneti, yomwe imatha kupereka ntchito ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga injini zosaka, media media, nsanja za e-commerce, maphunziro apaintaneti, ntchito zopanga, ndi zina zotero.Choncho, ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko cha intaneti, pali mafakitale Internet web2.0 ndi web3.0 nsanja.Pakali pano, mafakitale Internet utumiki nsanja ntchito makampani kupanga makamaka amatanthauza web2.0 nsanja, ntchito nsanja ili ndi ubwino wake, koma palinso zofooka zambiri, ndipo tsopano mayiko akutukuka kwa web3.0 nsanja pa maziko a nsanja ya web2.0.
Kukula kwa intaneti ya mafakitale ndi nsanja yake munthawi ya web2.0 ku China
China mafakitale Internet ndi maukonde, nsanja, chitetezo machitidwe atatu kukwaniritsa lalikulu chitukuko, pofika kumapeto kwa 2022, dziko mafakitale makampani kiyi ndondomeko chiwerengero kulamulira mlingo ndi digito R & D chida malowedwe mlingo anafika 58,6%, 77.0%, kwenikweni adapanga njira yokwanira, yodziwika bwino, yaukadaulo yamitundu ingapo yamafakitale pa intaneti.Pakadali pano, nsanja 35 zazikulu zapaintaneti ku China zalumikiza zida zopitilira 85 miliyoni ndikutumikira mabizinesi okwana 9.36 miliyoni, kuphatikiza magawo 45 achuma cha dziko.Mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu yamabizinesi monga kapangidwe ka pulatifomu, kasamalidwe ka digito, kupanga mwanzeru, mgwirizano wapaintaneti, kusintha makonda, ndi kukulitsa ntchito zikuyenda bwino.Kusintha kwa digito kwamakampani aku China kwakwera kwambiri.
Pakali pano, ntchito ya mafakitale Internet kaphatikizidwe wafikira kwa mafakitale chinsinsi cha chuma cha dziko, kupanga mbali zisanu ndi chimodzi za kamangidwe nsanja, kupanga wanzeru, maukonde mgwirizano, makonda mwamakonda, utumiki kutambasuka, ndi kasamalidwe digito, amene mogwira kulimbikitsa khalidwe, dzuwa. , kuchepetsa mtengo, chitukuko chobiriwira komanso chotetezeka cha chuma chenichenicho.Table 1 ikuwonetsa zochitika zakukula kwa intaneti ya mafakitale m'mafakitale angapo ndi mabizinesi, kuphatikiza mabizinesi opanga nsalu ndi zovala.
Table 1 Panorama ya chitukuko cha intaneti cha mafakitale m'mabizinesi ena opanga
Pulatifomu yapaintaneti yamakampani ndi njira yothandizira yotengera kusonkhanitsa deta, kuphatikizika ndi kusanthula kwa digito, maukonde ndi nzeru zamakampani opanga, zomwe zimathandizira kulumikizana kulikonse, kugawa kosinthika komanso kugawa bwino kwazinthu zopangira.Kuchokera pamalingaliro azachuma, izi zapanga nsanja yofunika kwambiri pa intaneti yamakampani.Akuti mafakitale Internet nsanja ndi ofunika makamaka chifukwa ali ndi ntchito zitatu zoonekeratu: (1) Pamaziko a miyambo mafakitale nsanja, mafakitale Intaneti nsanja yakhala bwino kupanga, kufalitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Mwachangu kwa kupanga chidziwitso, anapanga chiwerengero chachikulu. za mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito, ndikupanga njira ziwiri zolumikizirana zachilengedwe ndi ogwiritsa ntchito opanga.Pulogalamu ya intaneti ya mafakitale ndi "njira yoyendetsera ntchito" ya dongosolo latsopano la mafakitale.Pulatifomu yapaintaneti yamakampani imadalira ma module ophatikizira zida, injini zamphamvu zosinthira deta, zida zachitukuko zotseguka, ndi ntchito zodziwitsa zamakampani.
Imagwirizanitsa zipangizo zamafakitale, zida ndi zinthu zotsika pansi, zimathandizira chitukuko chofulumira ndi kutumizidwa kwa ntchito zanzeru zamafakitale m'mwamba, ndipo zimamanga makina atsopano a mafakitale pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amasinthasintha kwambiri komanso anzeru.(3) Industrial Internet platform ndi chonyamulira chothandizira chamagulu aglomeration ndi kugawana.Pulatifomu yapaintaneti yamafakitale imabweretsa kuphatikiza chidziwitso, kuchuluka kwa ndalama, luso laukadaulo, zida zopangira ndi kuthekera kopanga mumtambo, ndikusonkhanitsa mabizinesi amakampani, mabizinesi azidziwitso ndi kulumikizana, mabizinesi apaintaneti, opanga chipani chachitatu ndi mabungwe ena mumtambo, ndikupanga njira yolumikizirana yogwirizana komanso mtundu wa bungwe.
Pa Novembara 30, 2021, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Upangiri Wachidziwitso udapereka "Ndondomeko yazaka 14 yazaka zisanu zophatikizira mozama za Informatization ndi Industrialization" (pambuyo pake potchedwa "Plan"), yomwe idalimbikitsa momveka bwino nsanja yapaintaneti yamakampani. pulojekiti yotsatsa ngati projekiti yofunikira pakuphatikiza awiriwa.Kuchokera kumalingaliro a thupi, nsanja yapaintaneti yamakampani imapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: maukonde, nsanja ndi chitetezo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamakampani opanga zinthu kumawonekera makamaka pantchito zopanga monga kupanga mwanzeru kwa digito, mgwirizano wapaintaneti, ndi makonda mwamakonda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zapaintaneti zamakampani pamakampani opanga zinthu kumatha kupeza phindu lalikulu kuposa mapulogalamu wamba komanso mtambo wamba wamakampani, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2. Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zapaintaneti zamakampani pamakampani opanga ku China kungapeze phindu lalikulu, lomwe lingafotokozedwe. ndi kuphatikizira kumodzi kuchotsera kumodzi, monga kuphatikizira kumodzi: zokolola zantchito zimawonjezeka ndi 40-60% ndi zida zonse zogwira ntchito bwino zimawonjezeka ndi 10-25% ndi zina zotero;Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 5-25% ndi nthawi yobweretsera ndi 30-50%, etc., onani Chithunzi 3.
Masiku ano, zitsanzo zazikulu zautumiki mu nthawi yamafakitale ya intaneti ya Web2.0 ku China ndi :(1) njira yotumizira kunja yamabizinesi otsogola, monga "chidziwitso chopanga, mapulogalamu, zida" zitatu za MEicoqing Industrial Internet Service Platform, Haier's Industrial Internet service nsanja yomangidwa pamaziko a makonda awopanga.Network network ya Aerospace Group ndi nsanja yapaintaneti yolumikizira ntchito zapaintaneti potengera kuphatikizika ndi kulumikizana kwazinthu zakumtunda ndi zotsika zamakampani.(2) Makampani ena ogulitsa pa intaneti amapatsa makasitomala mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu ngati mawonekedwe a nsanja yamtambo ya SAAS, ndipo zinthuzo zimayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa ntchito zowongoka m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuthetsa vuto lopweteka pakupanga kapena kugwira ntchito kwa gulu lalikulu. kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati;(3) Pangani general PAAS nsanja utumiki chitsanzo, mwa zimene zida zonse, mizere kupanga, antchito, mafakitale, nyumba zosungiramo katundu, ogulitsa, katundu ndi makasitomala okhudzana ndi ogwira ntchito akhoza kulumikizidwa kwambiri, ndiyeno kugawana zinthu zosiyanasiyana za ndondomeko yonse ya mafakitale. zopangira, kuzipangitsa kukhala zadigito, zolumikizidwa pa intaneti, zongochitika zokha komanso zanzeru.Pamapeto pake kwaniritsani magwiridwe antchito komanso ntchito zochepetsera mtengo.Inde, tikudziwa kuti ngakhale pali zitsanzo zambiri, si zophweka kuti mupambane, chifukwa pa mafakitale aliwonse opanga zinthu, kupanga zinthu sikufanana, ndondomekoyi si yofanana, ndondomekoyi si yofanana, ndi zida sizili zofanana, njirayo si yofanana, ndipo ngakhale mtundu wabizinesi ndi unyolo woperekera sizofanana.Poyang'anizana ndi zosowa zotere, ndizosatheka kuthetsa mavuto onse kudzera pa nsanja ya utumiki wapadziko lonse, ndipo potsirizira pake kubwerera kuzinthu zosinthidwa kwambiri, zomwe zingafunike nsanja ya intaneti ya mafakitale m'gawo lililonse.
Mu Meyi 2023, "Industrial Internet Platform Selection Requirements" (GB/T42562-2023) mulingo wadziko motsogozedwa ndi China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization idavomerezedwa ndikutulutsidwa, muyezo woyamba umafotokoza mfundo zosankhidwa ndi kusankha kwa intaneti yamakampani. nsanja, onani Chithunzi 4;Kachiwiri, imatanthawuza maluso asanu ndi anayi ofunika kwambiri omwe nsanja yapaintaneti yamakampani iyenera kukumana nayo, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 5. Chachiwiri, 18 luso lothandizira mabizinesi potengera nsanja yopangira mphamvu zamabizinesi akufotokozedwa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6. Kusindikiza kwa mulingo uwu kumatha kusintha ku maphwando osiyanasiyana oyenera a nsanja, angapereke luso kumanga nsanja kwa mafakitale Internet nsanja mabizinezi, akhoza kupereka umboni kwa mbali kufunika kwa makampani opanga kusankha nsanja, kuthandiza mabizinesi kupenda mlingo wa mafakitale Kulimbikitsa nsanja pa intaneti, ndikudzisankhira okha nsanja yoyenera yamakampani pa intaneti.
Ngati makampani opanga zovala amasankha nsanja kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kupanga mabizinesi, nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa motsatira ndondomeko yomwe ili pa Chithunzi 4. Pakali pano, zomangamanga zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito kupanga zovala zanzeru ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7, ndi wosanjikiza bwino zomangamanga, nsanja nsanja, ntchito wosanjikiza ndi m'mphepete kompyuta wosanjikiza.
The pamwamba nsanja zomangamanga wamangidwa pa maziko a mafakitale Internet web2.0 nsanja, tanena kale, mabizinezi opanga zovala pamwamba sikelo kumanga awo web2.0 nsanja ndi zabwino, ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga kupanga mabizinezi kuti. ntchito zapapulatifomu ndi zabwino, kwenikweni, mawu awa siwolondola, Chifukwa kusankha kupanga tsamba lanu la web2.0 kapena ntchito zapapulatifomu kuyenera kuganiziridwa molingana ndi momwe bizinesi ilili komanso zosowa zake, m'malo mongotengera kukula kwa bizinesi.Kachiwiri, mabizinesi opanga zinthu sagwiritsa ntchito nsanja yapaintaneti yapaintaneti ya web2.0, ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa kupanga mwanzeru ndi njira zina, monga kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzipangira zokha zotumizira ndi kusanthula deta, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nsanja zina.Komabe, poyerekezera, nsanja yapaintaneti yapaintaneti web2.0 ili ndi scalability yapamwamba komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamabizinesi opanga.
Kupanga zovala zanzeru kudzakhazikitsidwa pa nsanja yanzeru ya Internet web3.0.
Kuchokera pamwambapa, titha kuwona kuti ngakhale nsanja ya Web2.0 yozikidwa pa intaneti yamakampani ili ndi mikhalidwe yambiri: (1) kutenga nawo gawo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri - nsanja ya Web2.0 imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutenga nawo mbali ndikulumikizana, kuti ogwiritsa ntchito athe kugawana zomwe ali nazo. ndi chidziwitso, kucheza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena, ndikupanga gulu lalikulu;(2) Yosavuta kugawana ndi kufalitsa -Web2.0 nsanja imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kugawana mosavuta ndikufalitsa zambiri, motero kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa chidziwitso;(3) Kupititsa patsogolo luso la -Web2.0 nsanja ingathandize mabizinesi kukonza bwino, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirira ntchito pa intaneti, misonkhano yapaintaneti ndi njira zina zolimbikitsira magwiridwe antchito amkati;(4) Kuchepetsa ndalama -Web2.0 nsanja ingathandize makampani kuchepetsa malonda, kukwezedwa ndi ndalama zothandizira makasitomala, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa teknoloji ndi zina zotero.Komabe, nsanja ya web2.0 imakhalanso ndi zofooka zambiri: (1) nkhani za chitetezo - pali zoopsa za chitetezo pa webusaiti ya Web2.0, monga kufotokozera zachinsinsi, kuukira kwa intaneti ndi mavuto ena, zomwe zimafuna kuti mabizinesi azilimbitsa chitetezo;(2) Nkhani zaubwino - zomwe zili patsamba la Web2.0 ndizosafanana, zomwe zimafuna mabizinesi kuti awone ndikuwunika zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito;(3) Mpikisano woopsa - nsanja ya Web2.0 ndi yopikisana kwambiri, yomwe imafuna kuti mabizinesi azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu kuti alimbikitse ndi kusunga nsanja;(4) Kukhazikika kwa netiweki -- nsanja ya Web2.0 ikuyenera kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa netiweki kupewa kulephera kwa ma netiweki komwe kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a nsanja;(5) Web2.0 nsanja misonkhano ali ndi monopoly, ndipo mtengo yobwereka ndi mkulu, okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mabizinesi ndi zina zotero.Ndi chifukwa cha zovuta izi kuti web3 nsanja inabadwa.Web3.0 ndi m'badwo wotsatira wa chitukuko cha intaneti, nthawi zina amatchedwa "Internet yogawidwa" kapena "smart Internet".Pakadali pano, Web3.0 idakali koyambirira kwachitukuko, koma idzadalira blockchain, luntha lochita kupanga, intaneti ya Zinthu ndi matekinoloje ena kuti akwaniritse ntchito zanzeru komanso zotsogola zapaintaneti, kuti deta ikhale yotetezeka, zinsinsi ndizochulukirapo. kutetezedwa, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amapatsidwa ntchito zongokonda komanso zogwira mtima.Choncho, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kupanga mwanzeru pa web3 nsanja ndi yosiyana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kupanga mwanzeru pa web2, kusiyana kwake ndikuti: (1) kugawa mphamvu - nsanja ya Web3 imachokera ku teknoloji ya blockchain ndipo imazindikira makhalidwe a decentralization.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupanga mwanzeru kukhazikitsidwa pa nsanja ya Web3 kudzakhala kogawidwa ndi demokalase, popanda bungwe lolamulira.Wotenga nawo mbali aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi kuwongolera deta yake popanda kudalira nsanja kapena mabungwe;(2) Zinsinsi za data ndi chitetezo - Tsamba la Web3 limayang'ana kwambiri zachinsinsi komanso chitetezo cha data ya ogwiritsa ntchito.Ukadaulo wa blockchain umapereka mawonekedwe a encryption ndi kusungirako komwe kumapangitsa kuti deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito ikhale yotetezeka.Kupanga mwanzeru kukhazikitsidwa pa nsanja ya Web3, kumatha kuteteza zinsinsi za ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika deta.Kukhulupirira ndi kuwonekera - nsanja ya Web3 imakwaniritsa chidaliro chachikulu komanso kuwonekera kudzera munjira monga makontrakitala anzeru.Mgwirizano wanzeru ndi mgwirizano wodzipangira okha womwe malamulo ake ndi zikhalidwe zake zimasungidwa pa blockchain ndipo sizingasokonezedwe.Mwanjira iyi, kupanga mwanzeru komwe kumayendetsedwa pa nsanja ya Web3 kumatha kuwonekera bwino, ndipo otenga nawo mbali akhoza kutsimikizira ndikuwunika momwe dongosololi likugwirira ntchito;(4) Kusinthana kwamtengo - chizindikiro chachuma cha Web3 nsanja yotengera ukadaulo wa blockchain imapangitsa kusinthana kwamtengo kukhala kosavuta komanso kothandiza.Kupanga mwanzeru komwe kumakhazikitsidwa pa nsanja ya Web3 kumalola kusinthanitsa mtengo kudzera ma tokeni, mabizinesi osinthika komanso njira zogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zambiri.Mwachidule, kupanga mwanzeru komwe kumakhazikitsidwa pa nsanja ya Web3 kumangoyang'ana kwambiri kugawa, chinsinsi cha data ndi chitetezo, kukhulupirirana ndi kuwonekera, komanso kusinthanitsa mtengo kuposa kukhazikitsa pa nsanja ya Web2.Makhalidwewa amabweretsa danga lalikulu lachitukuko ndi chitukuko chazopanga zanzeru.Tsamba la Web3.0 likugwirizana kwambiri ndi kupanga mwanzeru kwa makampani athu opanga zovala, chifukwa chenicheni cha Web3.0 ndi intaneti yanzeru yozikidwa pa nzeru zopangira ndi teknoloji ya blockchain, yomwe idzapereka chithandizo chanzeru, chogwira ntchito komanso chotetezeka kwa anzeru. kupanga zovala, motero kulimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha kupanga zovala zanzeru.Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Web3.0 pakupanga zovala zanzeru makamaka kumaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi: (1) Kugawana deta - Kutengera ukadaulo wa Web3.0, mabizinesi opanga zovala amatha kuzindikira kugawana deta pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana, mizere yopangira, antchito, ndi zina zambiri. , kuti akwaniritse ntchito yabwino yopangira ndi kupanga;(2) Ukadaulo wa blockchain - Kupyolera muukadaulo wa blockchain, mabizinesi opanga zovala amatha kuzindikira kugawana kotetezeka kwa data, kupewa kusokoneza deta ndi zovuta zotulutsa, ndikuwongolera kukhulupirika ndi chitetezo cha data;(3) Mapangano anzeru -Web3.0 amathanso kuzindikira zodziwikiratu komanso mwanzeru kupanga ndi kupanga njira kudzera muukadaulo wanzeru, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso mtundu wazinthu;(4) Intelligent Internet of Things -Web3.0 teknoloji imatha kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti yanzeru yazinthu, kuti mabizinesi opangira zinthu athe kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi deta pakupanga nthawi yeniyeni, potero kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino komanso khalidwe lazogulitsa.Choncho, Web3.0 ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kupanga mwanzeru kwa makampani opanga zovala, ndipo idzapereka malo ochulukirapo komanso chithandizo chanzeru, chogwira ntchito komanso chotetezeka pa chitukuko cha kupanga mwanzeru.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-08-2023